Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

The hippocampus is crucial for spatial navigation and episodic memory formation.
Hippocampal place cells exhibit spatially selective activity within an environment and have …

INTRODUCTION Perceptual experiences in mammals may arise from patterns of neural
circuit activity in cerebral cortex. For example, primary visual cortex (V1) is causally capable …

Spontaneous synchronous activity is a hallmark of develo** brain circuits and promotes
their formation. Ex vivo, synchronous activity was shown to be orchestrated by a sparse …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

The goal of computer-generated holography (CGH) is to synthesize custom illumination
patterns by modulating a coherent light beam. CGH algorithms typically rely on iterative …

Optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity through excitatory and inhibitory opsins has
become an indispensable experimental strategy in neuroscience research. For many …

The mechanistic link between neural circuit activity and behavior remains unclear. While
manipulating cortical activity can bias certain behaviors and elicit artificial percepts, some …

The computations performed by local neural populations, such as a cortical layer, are
typically inferred from anatomical connectivity and observations of neural activity. Here we …