The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has shown to be a significant obstacle to brain medication
delivery. The BBB in a healthy brain is a diffusion barrier that prevents most substances from …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are
present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids …

Exosomes are becoming increasingly important therapeutic biomaterials for use in a variety
of therapeutic applications due to their unique characteristics, especially due to the …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic molecule with numerous
clinical applications in treating central nervous system disorders, tumors, COVID-19, and …

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases characterized by
progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors leading to progressive visual decline. It …

A small but significant proportion of COVID‐19 patients develop life‐threatening cytokine
storm. We have developed a new anti‐inflammatory drug, EXO‐CD24, a combination of an …

Abstract Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, recently exploded into
nanomedicine as an emerging drug delivery approach due to their superior biocompatibility …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor, is highly
resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapy, and is not amenable to effective …

Abstract Exosomes are nanosized (size~ 30–150 nm) natural vesicular structures released
from cells by physiological processes or pathological circumstances. Exosomes are growing …

As an emerging cell-free therapy, exosomes derived from stem cells have been widely
explored for tissue regeneration. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve the …