There is a growing recognition of the importance of the commensal intestinal microbiota in
the development and later function of the central nervous system. Research using germ-free …

Human microbial colonization begins at birth and continues to develop and modulate in
species abundance for about 3 years, until the microbiota becomes adult-like. During the …

Groundbreaking research on the universality and diversity of microorganisms is now
challenging the life sciences to upgrade fundamental theories that once seemed …

Animals in the wild are able to subsist on pathogen-infected and poisonous food and show
immunity to various diseases. These may be due to their microbiota, yet we have a poor …

Microorganisms typically form diverse communities of interacting species, whose activities
have tremendous impact on the plants, animals and humans they associate with. The ability …

It is often taken for granted that all animals host and depend upon a microbiome, yet this has
only been shown for a small proportion of species. We propose that animals span a …

All insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect exoskeleton, in the gut and
hemocoel, and within insect cells. The insect microbiota is generally different from …

The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the most devastating insect pest of coffee
worldwide with its infestations decreasing crop yield by up to 80%. Caffeine is an alkaloid …

Our understanding of species evolution is undergoing restructuring. It is well accepted that
host–symbiont coevolution is responsible for fundamental aspects of biology. However, the …

Social relationships have profound effects on health in humans and other primates, but the
mechanisms that explain this relationship are not well understood. Using shotgun …