Genomic DNA is folded into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), which
serve important structural and regulatory roles. It has been proposed that these genomic …

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are an evolutionarily
conserved family of motor proteins that hold sister chromatids together and fold genomes …

Cohesin folds mammalian interphase chromosomes by extruding the chromatin fiber into
numerous loops.“Loop extrusion” can be impeded by chromatin-bound factors, such as …

Understanding the mechanisms that underlie chromosome folding within cell nuclei is
essential to determine the relationship between genome structure and function. The recent …

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are fundamental structural and functional
building blocks of human interphase chromosomes, yet the mechanisms of TAD formation …

Proper expression of genes requires communication with their regulatory elements that can
be located elsewhere along the chromosome. The physics of chromatin fibers imposes a …

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes—which include condensin,
cohesin and the SMC5–SMC6 complex—are major components of chromosomes in all …

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are key organizers of
chromosome architecture in all kingdoms of life. Despite seemingly divergent functions, such …

As in eukaryotes, bacterial genomes are not randomly folded. Bacterial genetic information
is generally carried on a circular chromosome with a single origin of replication from which …

Condensins are large protein complexes that play a central role in chromosome
organization and segregation in the three domains of life. They display highly characteristic …