The rapid development of renewable energy sources and electricity storage technologies is
further driving the change and evolution of traditional energy systems. The aim is to …

Cow's milk provides essential human nutrients, including calcium, protein, and minerals.
However, it is highly susceptible to bacterial contamination, which leads to rapid spoilage …

The holding tube and heat exchangers are the most significant components in High-
Temperature-Short-Time (HTST) pasteurization processes as they ensure that the system …

Pasteurization is regarded as a critical unit operation in the juice processing chain because
it extends the juice's shelf life. This study aimed to design, construct and assess the …

Geothermal brine can be used as a heating liquid for pasteurization unit either by directly
use the brine to heat up the raw milk, or by heating secondary fresh water. The geothermal …