The international community set a global conservation target to protect at least 30% of the
ocean by 2030 (“30× 30”) to reverse biodiversity loss, including through marine protected …

Ocean governance is complex and influenced by multiple drivers and actors with different
worldviews and goals. While governance encompasses many elements, in this paper we …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Plastic pollution in the ocean is a global concern; concentrations reach 580,000 pieces per
km2 and production is increasing exponentially. Although a large number of empirical …

In this article, we track a relatively new term in global environmental governance:“blue
economy.” Analyzing preparatory documentation and data collected at the 2012 UN …

Dynamic ocean management, or management that uses near real-time data to guide the
spatial distribution of commercial activities, is an emerging approach to balance ocean …

Stressors associated with human activities interact in complex ways to affect marine
ecosystems, yet we lack spatially explicit assessments of cumulative impacts on ecologically …

While there have been recent improvements in reducing bycatch in many fisheries, bycatch
remains a threat for numerous species around the globe. Static spatial and temporal …

Increased interest in oceans is leading to new and renewed global governance efforts
directed toward ocean issues in areas of food production, biodiversity conservation …

This is our ninth annual horizon scan to identify emerging issues that we believe could affect
global biological diversity, natural capital and ecosystem services, and conservation efforts …