How do proteins evolve? How do changes in sequence mediate changes in protein
structure, and in turn in function? This question has multiple angles, ranging from …

How individual enzymes evolved is relatively well understood. However, individual enzymes
rarely confer a physiological advantage on their own. Judging by its current state, the …

Enzymes catalyze a vast range of reactions. Their catalytic performances, mechanisms,
global folds, and active-site architectures are also highly diverse, suggesting that enzymes …

Highlights•Enzyme 'promiscuity space'is vast.•Functional innovation by divergent evolution
is easy.•Gene loss is also an important driver of enzyme evolution.•Evolutionary trajectories …

Highlights•Ancestral environments likely differed from the environments hosting modern
proteins.•Resurrected ancestral protein often display unusual properties and …

The last decade has seen a growing number of experiments aimed at systematically
map** the effects of mutations in different proteins, and of attempting to correlate their …

Food processing and refining has dramatically changed the human diet, but little is known
about whether this affected the evolution of enzymes in human microbiota. We present …

Evidence is compiled to demonstrate a redox scale within Earth's photosynthesisers that
correlates the specificity of their RuBisCO with organismal metabolic tolerance to anoxia …

Fermentative production of valuable substances is an economically competitive and
ecologically sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis, but it is often hampered by …

Virtually all enzymes catalyse more than one reaction, a phenomenon known as enzyme
promiscuity. It is unclear whether promiscuous enzymes are more often generalists that …