Impurity do** is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to
their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been …

Lanthanide-based upconversion nanomaterials have recently attracted considerable
attention in both fundamental research and various frontier applications owing to their …

The attractive features of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence (UCL), such as high
photostability, nonphotobleaching or photoblinking, and large anti-Stokes shift, have shown …

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are capable of converting near-
infra-red excitation into visible and ultraviolet emission. Their unique optical properties have …

Nanoparticles are generally defined as any particulate material for which at least one
dimension lies in the range of 1− 100 nm. 1− 3 They can exist in various shapes, such as …

Lanthanides refer to the 15 elements located at the sixth period and IIIB group in the periodic
table, ranging from lanthanum to lutetium, with the electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f n–1 5d …

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have received substantial attention
in diversities of frontier applications because of their excellent and flexible photon …

Fluorescent bioimaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) can probe deep tissue
with minimum auto‐fluorescence and tissue scattering. However, current NIR‐II fluorophore …

Luminescence lifetime imaging has exhibited significant advantages over traditional optical
imaging in terms of precise quantification detection because of the intrinsic stability of …

Among luminescent nanostructures actively investigated in the last couple of decades, rare
earth (RE3+) doped nanoparticles (RENPs) are some of the most reported family of …