The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Abstract 'Jack of all trades, master of everything'is a fair label for transforming growth factor
β1 (TGF-β)–a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is …

Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management. Conventional views
have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations. However …

Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection
between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the …

Activation of TGF-β1 initiates a program of temporary collagen accumulation important to
wound repair in many organs. However, the outcome of temporary extracellular matrix …

Physiological tissue repair aims at restoring the mechano-protective properties of the
extracellular matrix. Consequently, redundant regulatory mechanisms are in place ensuring …

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) derive from fetal liver monocytes, which colonize the lung
during embryonic development and give rise to fully mature AMs perinatally. AM …

Gas exchange is the vital function of the lungs. It occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen and
carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium …

Myofibroblasts are the major source of extracellular matrix components that accumulate
during tissue fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are believed to be the major source …

The cytokine TGF-β plays an integral role in regulating immune responses. TGF-β has
pleiotropic effects on adaptive immunity, especially in the regulation of effector and …