The recent advancement in data science coupled with the revolution in digital and satellite
technology has improved the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the …

Biofilms are a form of collective life with emergent properties that confer many advantages
on their inhabitants, and they represent a much higher level of organization than single cells …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes to have evolved oxygenic photosynthesis,
transforming the biology and chemistry of our planet. Genomic and evolutionary studies …

A census of the biomass on Earth is key for understanding the structure and dynamics of the
biosphere. However, a global, quantitative view of how the biomass of different taxa …

The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of
marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns of diversity and the underlying drivers …

Global plastic production has increased exponentially since manufacturing commenced in
the 1950's, including polymer types infused with diverse additives and fillers. While the …

Abstract Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are
conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted …

Extracellular matrixes (ECMs), such as the cell walls and biofilms, are important for
supporting cell integrity and function and regulating intercellular communication. These …

The pyrenoid is a phase-separated organelle that enhances photosynthetic carbon
assimilation in most eukaryotic algae and the land plant hornwort lineage. Pyrenoids …