Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by
hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign …

Mosquitoes live under the endless threat of infections from different kinds of pathogens such
as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The mosquito defends itself by employing both physical …

Insects are the most ecologically important multicellular heterotrophs in terrestrial systems.
They play critical roles in ecological food webs, remain devastating agricultural and medical …

Highlights•A major component of the mosquito immune system is hemocytes.•Hemocytes
are anatomically divided into circulating and sessile hemocytes.•Hemocytes are functionally …

Although the insect circulatory system is involved in a multitude of vital physiological
processes, it has gone grossly understudied. This review highlights this critical physiological …

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the major vector of arboviral diseases, particularly of Dengue
fever, of which there are more than 100 million cases annually. Mosquitoes, such as A …

Background Mosquitoes respond to infection by mounting immune responses. The primary
regulators of these immune responses are cells called hemocytes, which kill pathogens via …

Insects counter infection with innate immune responses that rely on cells called hemocytes.
Hemocytes exist in association with the insect's open circulatory system and this mode of …

Plasmodium parasites experience significant bottlenecks as they transit through the
mosquito and are transmitted to their mammalian host. Oocyst prevalence on mosquito …

Insect wings consist almost entirely of lifeless cuticle; yet their veins host a complex
multimodal sensory apparatus and other tissues that require a continuous supply of water …