The rapid diversification of early animals during the Ediacaran (635–541 Ma) and early
Cambrian (ca. 541–509 Ma) has frequently been attributed to increasing oceanic …

Two pulses of faunal mortality occurred during the Late Ordovician mass extinction (ca. 445
Ma). This biocrisis is recorded in Hirnantian strata of South China as a stepwise extinction of …

The evolution of oxygen cycles on Earth's surface has been regulated by the balance
between molecular oxygen production and consumption. The Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic …

The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) witnessed enormous climate change
closely associated with volcanic activity. However, the coupling relationship between …

The mid-Proterozoic, spanning 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago, is recognized as a phase of
marine anoxia, low marine primary productivity (MPP), and constrained eukaryotic …

The termination of the Cryogenian period marks a transition from an extreme ice-to a
greenhouse climate, likely initiated by increased atmospheric CO 2, however uncertainties …

The body fossil and biomarker records hint at an increase in biotic complexity between the
two Cryogenian Snowball Earth episodes (ca. 661 million to≤ 650 million years ago) …

In order to explore Cryogenian seawater chemistry and its underlying controls, we present
an integrated study of iron speciation, major and trace elements, and carbon isotopes of Mn …

It is not well understood how, in the immediate aftermath of the Sturtian Snowball Earth,
marine sulfur cycling resulted in a global distribution of sedimentary pyrite with δ 34 S values …

Several negative C isotope excursions (CIEs) occurred at the end of the Neoproterozoic era
which have been generally attributed to the oxidation of organic carbon using sulfate as the …