Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs
from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies …

Expressions such as 'sleep on it'refer to the resolution of distressing experiences across a
night of sound sleep. Sleep is an active state during which the brain reorganizes the …

To understand what makes sleep vulnerable in disease, it is useful to look at how wake-
promoting mechanisms affect healthy sleep. Wake-promoting neuronal activity is inhibited …

The proposed mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation involve the overnight
regulation of neural activity at both synaptic and whole-network levels. Now, there is a lack …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is an enigmatic and intriguing sleep state. REM sleep
differs from non-REM sleep by its characteristic brain activity and from wakefulness by a …

Conscious perception is greatly diminished during sleep, but the underlying circuit
mechanism is poorly understood. We show that cortical ignition—a brain process shown to …

Background Wide-field calcium imaging (WFCI) allows for monitoring of cortex-wide neural
dynamics in mice. When applied to the study of sleep, WFCI data are manually scored into …

According to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis (SHY), sleep serves to renormalize
synaptic connections that have been potentiated during the prior wake phase due to …

The spontaneous firing of neurons is modulated by brain state. Here, we examine how such
modulation impacts the overall distribution of firing rates in neuronal populations of …

All animals carefully studied sleep, suggesting that sleep as a behavioral state exists in all
animal life. Such evolutionary maintenance of an otherwise vulnerable period of …