Phytoplankton are the base of the Antarctic food web, sustain the wealth and diversity of life
for which Antarctica is renowned, and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles that …

Abstract Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at
least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes …

Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine
ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Several recent climate impact assessments on polar regions have been undertaken,
including the synthesis report on Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (AMAP …

The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals
(cetaceans and pinnipeds)–referred to here as top predators–is one of the most iconic …

Despite much research on Euphausia superba, estimates of their total biomass and
production are still very uncertain. Recently, circumpolar krill databases, combined with …

The mesopelagic community is important for downward oceanic carbon transportation and is
a potential food source for humans. Estimates of global mesopelagic fish biomass vary …

Surveys of Euphausia superba often target localised shelves and ice edges where their
growth rates and predation losses are atypically high. Emphasis on these areas has led to …

This study investigated the distribution of plastic debris from the Atlantic portion of the Sub-
Antarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula. This region is home to some of the highest …