The aetiologies of obesity and type 2 diabetes are incredibly complex, but the potential role
of paternal influences remains relatively understudied. A better understanding of paternal …

Socioeconomic position (SEP) is a multi-dimensional construct reflecting (and influencing)
multiple socio-cultural, physical, and environmental factors. In a sample of 286,301 …

Epidemiologists are often confronted with datasets to analyse which contain measurement
error due to, for instance, mistaken data entries, inaccurate recordings and measurement …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) is an established technique in epidemiological investigation,
using the principle of random allocation of genetic variants at conception to estimate the …

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of interest in research and education in causal
inference, due to its wide applications in biomedical research, social sciences, artificial …

Objective Negative control is considered an important tool to mitigate biases in
observational studies. The aim of this sco** review was to summarize current …

Background While secondary pneumococcal pneumonia occurs less commonly after
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than after other viral infections, it remains unclear …

A key assumption of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis is that there is no association
between the genetic variants used as instruments and the outcome other than through the …

Background Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with
adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, whether these associations are …

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant
birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction …