▪ Abstract In the two decades since Janzen described how to be a fig, more than 200 papers
have appeared on fig wasps (Agaonidae) and their host plants (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Fig …

The intimate mutualism between fig wasps and figs has long captivated biologists, and new
phylogenies are now uncovering its evolutionary history. Fig-pollinating wasps evolved just …

Mutualisms play a key role in most ecosystems, yet the mechanisms that prevent
overexploitation of the mutualistic relationship are still poorly understood. In the mutualism …

This book provides an up-to-date review of the biology of parasitic Hymenoptera, focusing
primarily on genetics, developmental biology, physiology, anatomy and molecular biology …

Recent decades have witnessed an explosion of theoretical and empirical studies of sex
allocation, transforming how we understand the allocation of resources to male and female …

The evolution of organismality is a social process. All organisms originated from groups of
simpler units that now show high cooperation among the parts and are nearly free of …

Over the past decade a proliferation of research has enriched and dramatically altered our
understanding of the biology of figs, their pollinator wasps, and the myriad of other …

It is often assumed that parasitic and disease-producing organisms tend to evolve benign
relationships with their hosts over time. In contrast, theoretical arguments suggest that …

We develop an approach for studying population dynamics resulting from mutualism by
employing functional responses based on density-dependent benefits and costs. These …

Across the tree of life, hosts have evolved mechanisms to control and mediate interactions
with symbiotic partners. We suggest that the evolution of physical structures that allow hosts …