In recent years plant viruses have been detected from many environments, including
domestic and wild plants and interfaces between these systems—aquatic sources, feces of …

The frequent discrepancy between direct microscopic counts and numbers of culturable
bacteria from environmental samples is just one of several indications that we currently …

The last decade brought a spectacular development of so‐called environmental (e) DNA
studies. In general,“environmental DNA” is defined as DNA isolated from environmental …

Microorganisms are major drivers of elemental cycling in the biosphere. Determining the
abundance of microbial functional traits involved in the transformation of nutrients, including …

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP), funded as an initiative of the NIH Roadmap for
Biomedical Research (http://nihroadmap. nih. gov), is a multi-component community …

Metagenomics has revolutionized microbiology by paving the way for a cultivation-
independent assessment and exploitation of microbial communities present in complex …

Monitoring the emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases with the goal of containing
the spread of viral agents requires both adequate preparedness and quick response …

Archaea (archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms that share a
common evolutionary history. There are four general phenotypic groups of archaea: the …

Metagenomics (also referred to as environmental and community genomics) is the genomic
analysis of microorganisms by direct extraction and cloning of DNA from an assemblage of …

Our perspective on microbial diversity has improved enormously over the past few decades.
In large part this has been due to molecular phylogenetic studies that objectively relate …