The Gram-negative envelope is a complex structure that consists of the inner membrane, the
periplasm, peptidoglycan and the outer membrane, and protects the bacterial cell from the …

RcsB, a response regulator of the FixJ/NarL family, is at the center of a complex network of
regulatory inputs and outputs. Cell surface stress is sensed by an outer membrane …

Bacteriophages (phages) are critical players in the dynamics and function of microbial
communities and drive processes as diverse as global biogeochemical cycles and human …

Bacterial lipoproteins are globular proteins anchored to a membrane by a lipid moiety. By
discovering new functions carried out by lipoproteins, recent research has highlighted the …

The bacterial cell envelope is a protective barrier at the frontline of bacterial interaction with
the environment, and its integrity is regulated by various stress response systems. The Rcs …

The global public health burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is intensified by
Gram-negative bacteria, which have an additional membrane, the outer membrane (OM) …

Bacteria depend on two-component systems to detect and respond to threats. Simple
pathways comprise a single sensor kinase (SK) that detects a signal and activates a …

The envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is critical for survival across a wide range of
environmental conditions. The inner membrane, the periplasm and the outer membrane …

Two-component systems and phosphorelays play central roles in the ability of bacteria to
rapidly respond to changing environments. In E. coli and related enterobacteria, the complex …

The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is a multilayered structure essential for
bacterial viability; the peptidoglycan cell wall provides shape and osmotic protection to the …