Enemy‐risk effects, often referred to as non‐consumptive effects (NCEs), are an important
feature of predator–prey ecology, but their significance has had little impact on the …

Phenotypic plasticity–the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct
response to a change in its environment–is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this …

Plant plastic responses are critical to the adaptation and survival of species under climate
change, but whether they are constrained by evolutionary history (phylogeny) is largely …

The last two decades have seen growing use of phylogenetic patterns to test hypotheses
predicting the success of introduced species. Nearly all of these tests have focused on …

Although the evolutionary importance of adaptive phenotypic plasticity as a mechanism of
adaptation to spatial and temporal environmental variation is acknowledged as part of the …

Phenotypes are the target of selection and affect the ability of organisms to persist in
variable environments. Phenotypes can be influenced directly by genes and/or by …

Many anuran amphibians (frogs and toads) rely on aquatic habitats during their larval stage.
The quality of this environment can significantly impact lifetime fitness and population …

Habitat construction and phenotypic plasticity are alternative responses to variable
environments. We explored evolution along an environmental gradient of habitat …

High-elevation species are predicted to have larger elevational ranges compared with
species of lower elevations. The reasoning is that temperature variability is greater at higher …

Trait adaptation to a heterogeneous environment can occur through six modes: genetic
differentiation of those traits, a jack-of-all-trades phenotypic uniformity, diversified bet …