Over the past decade, invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring cancers are slowly
being replaced by non-invasive methods such as liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsies have …

Precision oncology seeks to leverage molecular information about cancer to improve patient
outcomes. Tissue biopsy samples are widely used to characterize tumours but are limited by …

From a clinical, morphological and molecular perspective, prostate cancer is a
heterogeneous disease. Primary prostate cancers are often multifocal, having …

Cancer is a dynamic disease. During the course of disease, cancers generally become more
heterogeneous. As a result of this heterogeneity, the bulk tumour might include a diverse …

Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer
remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced …

Intratumor heterogeneity, which fosters tumor evolution, is a key challenge in cancer
medicine. Here, we review data and technologies that have revealed intra-tumor …

CDK4/6 inhibition with endocrine therapy is now a standard of care for advanced estrogen
receptor–positive breast cancer. Mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance have been …

An increasingly recognized resistance mechanism to androgen receptor (AR)-directed
therapy in prostate cancer involves epithelial plasticity, in which tumor cells demonstrate low …

Background Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, but current treatments are not
based on molecular stratification. We hypothesized that metastatic, castration-resistant …

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in fluids has gained attention because ctDNA seems to
identify tumor-specific abnormalities, which could be used for diagnosis, follow-up of …