A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …

Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of structurally
related proteins that transduces signals from members of TNFR superfamily and various …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytes is a major defense mechanism
against pathogens. However, the cellular self-protective mechanism against such potential …

ATG4B stimulates autophagy by promoting autophagosome formation through reversible
modification of ATG8. We identify ATG4B as a substrate of mammalian sterile20-like kinase …

Mitochondria need to be juxtaposed to phagosomes for the synergistic production of ample
reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phagocytes to kill pathogens. However, how phagosomes …

Rationale: Microvascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction secondary to unchecked
activation of endothelium play a critical role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and organ …

Summary The Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway has pivotal roles in innate
immune responses against pathogens in macrophages. However, the role of YAP in …

An imbalance in the lineages of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and the
inflammatory TH17 subset of helper T cells leads to the development of autoimmune and/or …

Innate sensing of pathogens by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) plays essential roles in
the innate discrimination between self and non-self components, leading to the generation …

Microbial patterns are recognized by cell-surface receptors to initiate pattern-triggered
immunity (PTI) in plants. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), such as BIK1, and …