Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are an ancient and highly successful group of viruses that
have co-evolved with their host to replicate in specific anatomical niches of the stratified …

The expression of functional proteins in heterologous hosts is a cornerstone of modern
biotechnology. Unfortunately, proteins are often difficult to express outside their original …

Ribosome-footprint profiling provides genome-wide snapshots of translation, but technical
challenges can confound its analysis. Here, we use improved methods to obtain ribosome …

HPVs (human papillomaviruses) infect epithelial cells and cause a variety of lesions ranging
from common warts/verrucas to cervical neoplasia and cancer. Over 100 different HPV types …

Papillomaviruses are a group of small non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses whose infection
usually causes benign epithelial lesions (warts). Certain types of HPVs, such as HPV-16 …

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a numerous family of small dsDNA viruses infecting virtually all
mammals. PVs cause infections without triggering a strong immune response, and natural …

Mammalian genes are highly heterogeneous with respect to their nucleotide composition,
but the functional consequences of this heterogeneity are not clear. In the previous studies …

Revealing the determinants of codon usage bias is central to the understanding of factors
governing viral evolution. Herein, we report the results of a survey of codon usage bias in a …

Viruses belonging to the Papillomaviridae family have been isolated from a variety of
mammals, birds and non-avian reptiles. It is likely that most, if not all, amniotes carry a broad …

Although the papillomavirus structural proteins, L1 and L2, can spontaneously coassemble
to form virus-like particles, currently available methods for production of L1/L2 particles …