Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological
functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory …

Activation of glial cells and neuro–glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms
underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the …

The peripheral nervous and immune systems are traditionally thought of as serving separate
functions. The line between them is, however, becoming increasingly blurred by new …

Migraine is a neurological disorder that manifests as a debilitating headache associated
with altered sensory perception. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) …

P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of
extracellular ATP. Seven genes in vertebrates encode P2X receptor subunits, which are 40 …

The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically
dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels …

Mammalian ATP-gated nonselective cation channels (P2XRs) can be composed of seven
possible subunits, denoted P2X1 to P2X7. Each subunit contains a large ectodomain, two …

P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels gated by extracellular ATP, and are
implicated in diverse physiological processes, from synaptic transmission to inflammation to …

Mechanical and thermal cues stimulate a specialized group of sensory neurons that
terminate in the skin. Three members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of …

We possess an acute sense of temperature. Most of us seek shade on a hot summer day,
prefer a warm shower to a cold one, and enjoy red wines served at a temperature of 15–18° …