Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and structurally related factors use several intracellular
signaling pathways in addition to Smad signaling to regulate a wide array of cellular …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family controls many fundamental aspects of
cellular behavior. With advances in the molecular details of the TGF-β signaling cascade …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces a pleiotropic pathway that is modulated by the
cellular context and its integration with other signaling pathways. In cancer, the pleiotropic …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to control a
diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and …

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that arises due to mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene, which encodes for a protein responsible for …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins control cell physiology, proliferation, and
growth, and direct cell differentiation, thus playing key roles in normal development and …

Metastasis is a crucial hallmark of cancer progression, which involves numerous factors
including the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the epithelial-to-mesenchymal …

Metastasis is a pivotal event that accelerates the prognosis of cancer patients towards
mortality. Therapies that aim to induce cell death in metastatic cells require a more detailed …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays important roles in many
biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, as well as …