Children who experience chronic stressors are vulnerable to emotional and physical health
problems across the lifespan. This phenomenon raises questions for scientists and …

Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of
depression in both medically ill and medically healthy individuals. Cytokines are important …

Objectives: To provide advice and guidance regarding the management of mood disorders,
derived from scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus to formulate …

BACKGROUND: Major depression occurs in 4.4% to 20% of the general population. Studies
suggest that major depression is accompanied by immune dysregulation and activation of …

It is of considerable translational importance whether depression is a form or a consequence
of sickness behavior. Sickness behavior is a behavioral complex induced by infections and …

Major depression (MD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a complex and multifactor
aetiology. Potential mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of this disorder include …

Previous research indicates there may be an association between inflammation and
depression in older adults but results are inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this review was …

Review on the key role for activated microglia and monocytes in the pathogenesis of bipolar
disorder and schizophrenia. This review describes a key role for mononuclear phagocytes in …

Recently, the inflammatory and neurodegenerative (I&ND) hypothesis of depression was
formulated (Maes et al., 2009), ie the neurodegeneration and reduced neurogenesis that …

Background Persistent anxiety-like symptoms may have an inflammatory-related
pathophysiology. Our previous work using repeated social defeat (RSD) in mice showed that …