There are few behavioral effects as ubiquitous as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). From
insects to rodents to primates, the tendency for decision speed to covary with decision …

Inter-individual variability in perception, thought and action is frequently treated as a source
of'noise'in scientific investigations of the neural mechanisms that underlie these processes …

Perceptual constancy requires the brain to maintain a stable representation of sensory input.
In the olfactory system, activity in primary olfactory cortex (piriform cortex) is thought to …

A large body of evidence has indicated that the phasic responses of midbrain dopamine
neurons show a remarkable similarity to a type of teaching signal (temporal difference (TD) …

Midbrain dopamine neurons are well known for their role in reward-based reinforcement
learning. We found that the activity of dopamine axons in the posterior tail of the striatum …

Neurons in higher cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, are often tuned to a variety of
sensory and motor variables, and are therefore said to display mixed selectivity. This …

Rapid phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is thought to signal reward prediction
errors (RPEs), resembling temporal difference errors used in machine learning. However …

Mounting evidence shows that dopamine in the striatum is critically involved in reward-
based reinforcement learning,. However, it remains unclear how dopamine reward signals …

Dopamine has a central role in motivation and reward. Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral
tegmental area (VTA) signal the discrepancy between expected and actual rewards (that is …

The gradual and noisy accumulation of evidence is a fundamental component of decision-
making, with noise playing a key role as the source of variability and errors. However, the …