Perception and perceptual decision-making are strongly facilitated by prior knowledge about
the probabilistic structure of the world. While the computational benefits of using prior …

Brains, it has recently been argued, are essentially prediction machines. They are bundles
of cells that support perception and action by constantly attempting to match incoming …

Predictive coding is a unifying framework for understanding redundancy reduction and
efficient coding in the nervous system. By transmitting only the unpredicted portions of an …

The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a brain response to violations of a rule, established by a
sequence of sensory stimuli (typically in the auditory domain)[Näätänen R. Attention and …

Binocular rivalry occurs when the eyes are presented with different stimuli and subjective
perception alternates between them. Though recent years have seen a number of models of …

The predictive coding model is increasingly and fruitfully used to explain a wide range of
findings in perception. Here we discuss the potential of this model in explaining the …

With the introduction of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) into the experimental
setting, developmental scientists have, for the first time, the capacity to investigate the …

The human visual ability to recognize objects and scenes is widely thought to rely on
representations in category-selective regions of the visual cortex. These representations …

Theories like predictive coding propose that lower-order brain areas compare their inputs to
predictions derived from higher-order representations and signal their deviation as a …

Natural objects provide partially redundant information to the brain through different sensory
modalities. For example, voices and faces both give information about the speech content …