The growing number of artificial structures in estuarine, coastal and marine environments is
causing “ocean sprawl”. Artificial structures do not only modify marine and coastal …

LOUISE B. FIRTH1, ANTONY M. KNIGHTS2, DANIELLE BRIDGER3, ALLY J. EVANS4,
NOVA MIESZKOWSKA5, 6, PIPPA J. MOORE4, NESSA E. O'CONNOR7, EMMA V …

Over recent years, many coastal engineering projects have employed the use of soft
solutions as these are generally less environmentally damaging than hard solutions …

Coastal defence structures are proliferating as a result of rising sea levels and stormier seas.
With the realisation that most coastal infrastructure cannot be lost or removed, research is …

Globally, there is growing interest in restoring previously widespread oyster reefs to reinstate
key ecosystem services such as shoreline protection, fisheries productivity and water …

Concrete flood defences, erosion control structures, port and harbour facilities, and
renewable energy infrastructure are increasingly being built in the world's coastal regions …

Macroalgal forests characterised by species of the genus Cystoseira sensu lato form
important shallow coastal rocky habitats in the Mediterranean Sea. These forests support a …

Coastal defences are proliferating in response to anticipated climate change and there is
increasing need for ecologically sensitive design in their construction. Typically, these …

Increasing frequency of extreme weather events, driven by climate change, coupled with
growing population densities, have contributed to an increasing demand for coastal …

In coastal habitats artificial structures typically support lower biodiversity and can support
greater numbers of non-native and opportunistic species than natural rocky reefs. Eco …