Data assimilation plays a dual role in advancing the “scientific” understanding and serving
as an “engineering tool” for the Earth system sciences. Land data assimilation (LDA) has …

Over the past decades, the scientific community has made significant efforts to simulate
flooding conditions using a variety of complex physically based models. Despite all …

Abstract Information about the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture is critical for many
purposes, including monitoring of hydrologic extremes, irrigation scheduling, and prediction …

Drought prediction is of critical importance to early warning for drought managements. This
review provides a synthesis of drought prediction based on statistical, dynamical, and hybrid …

Ensemble forecasting applied to the field of hydrology is currently an established area of
research embracing a broad spectrum of operational situations. This work catalogs the …

Faced with persistent flooding and water quality challenges, water managers are now
seeking to build digital twins of surface water systems that combine sensor data with online …

Hydrological model calibration combining Earth observations and in situ measurements is a
promising solution to overcome the limitations of the traditional streamflow‐only calibration …

Core Ideas OZCAR is a network of sites studying the critical zone. OZCAR covers various
disciplines. OZCAR will help disciplines to work together for a better representation and …

Floods are the most frequent of natural disasters, affecting millions of people across the
globe every year. The anticipation and forecasting of floods at the global scale is crucial to …

Hydrologic data are at the core of our understanding of physical hydrologic processes, our
simulation models and forecasts of water resources and hazards, and our monitoring of …