Kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system,
where they modulate a range of physiological processes depending on their location …

Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is a member of the opioid receptor system, the G protein-
coupled receptors that are expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous …

This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers …

Background and rationale Pain is a complex sensory experience, involving cognitive factors,
environment (setting, society, and culture), experience, and gender and is modulated …

While narcotic analgesics such as morphine, which act preferentially through mu opioid
receptors, remain the gold standard in the treatment of severe pain, their use is limited by …

Low dose methotrexate is the cornerstone for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. One of its
major drawbacks is hepatotoxicity, resulting in poor compliance of therapy. Dissatisfied …

Chronic itch is one of the disturbing symptoms of inflammatory skin diseases. Kappa opioid
receptor agonists are effective in suppressing scratching in mice against different …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and chronic joint disease that affects the aging population,
causing pain and disability. Macrophages in synovium are important mediators of synovial …

In the search for safer, non-addictive analgesics, kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists are
a potential target, as unlike mu-opioid analgesics, they do not have abuse potential …

Background Drugs activating the mu opioid receptor are routinely used to treat severe acute
and chronic pain. Unfortunately, side effects including nausea, constipation, respiratory …