We review geological evidence on the origin of the modern transcontinental Amazon River,
and the paleogeographic history of riverine connections among the principal sedimentary …

Abstract The eastern-central South American open vegetation biomes occur across an
extensive range of environmental conditions and are organized diagonally including three …

A biogeographic regionalisation of the Neotropical region is proposed as a hierarchical
classification of sub-regions, dominions, provinces and districts. This regionalisation is …

Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of biota in the tropical Andes is a major
challenge, given the region's topographic complexity and high beta diversity. We used a …

The mass-extinction episode underway is largely centred on tropical forests, insofar as they
contain at least half of all Earth's species and they are being depleted faster than any other …

A biogeographic regionalisation of the Andean region is proposed as a hierarchical
classification of sub-regions, provinces, sub-provinces and districts. It is based on …

The fish faunas of continental South and Central America constitute one of the greatest
concentrations of aquatic diversity on Earth, consisting of about 10 percent of all living …

Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain high species diversity in Amazonia, but
few generalizations have emerged. In part, this has arisen from the scarcity of rigorous tests …

(Figure 1), with extensive borders with the two largest forest biomes (Amazonia and Atlantic
Forest) as well as with the two largest dry regions (Caatinga and Chaco). The Cerrado …

▪ Abstract Understanding the evolutionary processes that generate and sustain diversity in
tropical faunas has challenged biologists for over a century and should underpin …