Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are approved for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity and elicit robust improvements in glycemic control …

The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), liver lipid
disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and …

Retatrutide is a novel triple agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide,
glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon receptors. A 48-week phase 2 obesity study …

The peptide hormone glucagon, discovered in late 1922, is secreted from pancreatic alpha
cells and is an essential regulator of metabolic homeostasis. This review summarises …

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone that is synthesized by several
organs and regulates energy homeostasis. Excitement surrounding this relatively recently …

The liver is an essential metabolic organ, and its metabolic activity is tightly controlled by
insulin and other metabolic hormones. Glucose is metabolized into pyruvate through …

In the last two decades we have witnessed sizable progress in defining the role of
gastrointestinal signals in the control of glucose and energy homeostasis. Specifically, the …

For more than a century, physicians have searched for ways to pharmacologically reduce
excess body fat. The tide has finally turned with recent advances in biochemically …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are established pharmaceutical
therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the action of GLP-1 to …

The rising global prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes has driven
a sharp increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive fat …