First introduced in the 1980s, laser speckle contrast imaging is a powerful tool for full-field
imaging of blood flow. Recently laser speckle contrast imaging has gained increased …

One of the grand challenges in neuroscience is to comprehend neural computation in the
association cortices, the parts of the cortex that have shown the largest expansion and …

The magnetic field is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous physical observables,
carrying information about all electromagnetic phenomena. For the past 30 years …

Neurons in the cerebral cortex are organized into anatomical columns, with ensembles of
cells arranged from the surface to the white matter. Within a column, neurons often share …

The visual system is one of the most energetically demanding systems in the brain. The
currency of energy is ATP, which is generated most efficiently from oxidative metabolism in …

Understanding cortical microcircuits requires thorough measurement of physiological
properties of synaptic connections formed within and between diverse subclasses of …

Optical approaches to investigate cerebral function and metabolism have long been applied
in invasive studies. From the neuron cultured in vitro to the exposed cortex in the human …

Human MRI scanners at ultra-high magnetic field strengths of 7 T and higher are
increasingly available to the neuroscience community. A key advantage brought by ultra …

THE mammalian cortex is organized in a columnar fashion: neurons lying below each other
from the pia to the white matter usually share many functional properties. Across the cortical …

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991 (ref.), there have been significant research
efforts to synthesize nanometre-scale tubular forms of various solids,,,,,,,,. The formation of …