Over the last decade, concerns have been raised about increases in the electricity used by
information technologies, other consumer electronic devices, data centres, and to a much …

In order to understand the electricity use of Internet services, it is important to have accurate
estimates for the average electricity intensity of transmitting data through the Internet …

What is the carbon footprint of streaming media? This has become a hot topic and more
relevant question since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for self-isolation …

In recent years, many novel smart technologies have been proposed to reduce the energy
consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributed to the building sector. One …

The environmental impact of Industry 4.0 and related technologies remains relatively
unknown, with little research devoted to investigating the impact on sustainability aspects …

Internet use and online services underpin everyday life, and the resultant energy demand is
almost entirely hidden, yet significant and growing: it is anticipated to reach 21% of global …

This chapter provides an overview of energy demand issues in the field of ICT with a focus
on the history of measuring, modelling and regulating ICT electricity consumption and the …

While the traditional roles of the computer as a machine for scientific calculations, text
editing, and graphic design are still significant, computers are increasingly perceived as …

Direct energy consumption of ICT hardware is only “half the story.” In order to get the “whole
story,” energy consumption during the entire life cycle has to be taken into account. This …

Estimates of the energy intensity of the Internet diverge by several orders of magnitude. We
present existing assessments and identify diverging definitions of the system boundary as …