The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years
due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to …

Increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels are commonly seen in patients with metabolic
syndrome and are widely accepted as risk factors for hypertension, gout, non-alcoholic fatty …

The joint position paper by Polish Society of Hypertension, Polish Society for the Treatment
of Obesity, Polish Lipid Association, Polish Association for Study of Liver, Polish Society of …

Kidney size and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) often increase with the onset of diabetes,
and elevated GFR is a risk factor for the development of diabetic kidney disease …

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Hyperuricemia is a metabolic
disease caused by the increased formation or reduced excretion of serum uric acid (SUA) …

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal uric acid (UA)
metabolism, which is a complex physiological process involving multiple organs (liver …

Uric acid is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines and the vascular endothelium as the
end product of an exogenous pool of purines, and endogenously from damaged, dying and …

Healthy kidneys filter∼ 160 g/day of glucose (∼ 30% of daily energy intake) under
euglycaemic conditions. To prevent valuable energy from being lost in the urine, the …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, progressing
from simple steatosis to necroinflammation and fibrosis (leading to non-alcoholic …

Consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has
increased dramatically in the last 40 years and is today commonly used commercially in soft …