Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and
are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus …

Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending
on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This …

Global photosynthesis consumes ten times more CO2 than net anthropogenic emissions,
and microalgae account for nearly half of this consumption. The high efficiency of algal …

Photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII) is essential to avoid the light-induced damage of the
photosynthetic apparatus due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (= photo-oxidative …

Plants and algae require light for photosynthesis, but absorption of too much light can lead
to photo‐oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and sustained decreases in the …

In their natural environment plants and algae are exposed to rapidly changing light
conditions and light intensities. Illumination with high light intensities has the potential to …

Figures showing species and properties relevant to non-photochemical quenching
studies.(a) Filamentous planktonic cyanobacteria Dolichospermum crassum and D. flos …

All photosynthetic organisms need to regulate light harvesting for photoprotection. Three
types of flexible non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms have been characterized …

Embryophytes (land plants) can be found in almost any habitat on the Earth's surface. All of
this ecologically diverse embryophytic flora arose from algae through a singular evolutionary …

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen.
When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can …