Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators
to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental …

The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content,
high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Background Recent research on the implications of gut microbiota on brain functions has
helped to gather important information on the relationship between them. Pathogenesis of …

Selenoproteins are rare proteins among all kingdoms of life containing the 21 st amino acid,
selenocysteine. Selenocysteine resembles cysteine, differing only by the substitution of …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been gradually acknowledged over
the last four decades. Initially perceived as unwanted products of detrimental oxidative …

Regeneration is the process of replacing/restoring a damaged cell/tissue/organ to its full
function and is limited respecting complexity of specific organ structures and the level of …

The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by
reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were originally characterized in terms of their
harmful effects on cells and invading microorganisms, are increasingly implicated in various …

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders
such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral …