Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a leading cause of blindness in the working age
population and in children. The scope of this review is to familiarise clinicians and scientists …

The number of research groups studying the pupil is increasing, as is the number of
publications. Consequently, new standards in pupillography are needed to formalize the …

The full-field electroretinogram (ERG) is a mass electrophysiological response to diffuse
flashes of light and is used widely to assess generalized retinal function. This document …

The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an electrophysiological test that allows the
function of multiple discrete areas of the retina to be tested simultaneously. This document …

X-linked retinopathies represent a significant proportion of monogenic retinal disease. They
include progressive and stationary conditions, with and without syndromic features. Many …

Fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP, also called 'microperimetry') allows for spatially-resolved
map** of visual sensitivity and measurement of fixation stability, both in clinical practice as …

The retina and brain share similar neurochemistry and neurodevelopmental origins, with the
retina, often viewed as a “window to the brain.” With retinal measures of structure and …

The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select
the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the …

Flexible electronics has extensively drawn attention in an extremely wide range of areas due
to its unique advantages like portability, biocompatibility, wearability, and superior …

Abstract Purpose Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be used to measure visual resolution
via a spatial frequency (SF) limit as an objective estimate of visual acuity. The aim of this …