Despite the importance in synthetic, agrochemical, and medicinal chemistry, to the best of
our knowledge, no overview has been made on the synthetic methods and the field of …

Classical prodrug design often represents a nonspecific chemical approach to mask
undesirable drug properties such as limited bioavailability, lack of site specificity, and …

Oral drug administration is one of the most preferred and simplest routes among both
patients and formulation scientists. Nevertheless, orally delivery of some of the most widely …

The importance of drug transporters as one of the determinants of pharmacokinetics has
become increasingly evident [1]. While much research has been conducted focusing the role …

A variety of drug transporters expressed in the body control the fate of drugs by affecting
absorption, distribution, and elimination processes. In the small intestine, transporters …

Transmembrane transport of small organic and inorganic molecules is one of the
cornerstones of cellular metabolism. Among transmembrane transporters, solute carrier …

In clinical trials, valganciclovir, the valyl ester of ganciclovir, has been shown to enhance the
bioavailability of ganciclovir when taken orally by patients with cytomegalovirus infection …

Geminal bisphosphonates (BPs) are a class of drugs considered to be stable analogs of
pyrophosphate (P–O–P), a physiological regulator of calcification and bone resorption. A …

Purpose. General use of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of viral infections and
cancer is often limited by poor oral absorption. Valacyclovir, a water soluble amino acid …

Clinical development of orally active peptide drugs has been restricted by their unfavorable
physicochemical properties, which limit their intestinal mucosal permeation and their lack of …