Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

This review summarizes evidence of dysregulated reward circuitry function in a range of
neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and genetic syndromes. First, the …

Adolescence is a period of life characterised by changes in learning and decision-making.
Learning and decision-making do not rely on a unitary system, but instead require the …

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) holds a prime position as a disorder transgressing the
brittle boundaries of neurology and psychiatry with an entangling web of motor and …

Tics are sometimes described as voluntary movements performed in an automatic or
habitual way. Here, we addressed the question of balance between goal-directed and …

Recent findings have demonstrated that reward feedback alone can drive motor learning.
However, it is not yet clear whether reward feedback alone can lead to learning when a …

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder with tics as
the cardinal feature. For many years, GTS was perceived as a rare oddity. This view has …

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a hereditary, neuropsychiatric movement disorder with
reported abnormalities in the neurotransmission of dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid …

Procedural memory, which is rooted in the basal ganglia, underlies the learning and
processing of numerous automatized motor and cognitive skills, including in language. Not …

Besides relying heavily on sensory and reinforcement feedback, motor skill learning may
also depend on the level of motivation experienced during training. Yet, how motivation by …