This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

The circadian system organizes circadian rhythms (biological cycles that occur around 24 h)
that couple environmental cues (zeitgebers) with internal functions of the organism. The …

Rhythmic gene expression is found throughout the central nervous system. This harmonized
regulation can be dependent on-and independent of-the master regulator of biological …

A role for dopamine (DA) in the regulation of clock genes in the mammalian brain is
suggested by evidence that manipulations of DA receptors can alter the expression of some …

Circadian rhythms are prominent in many physiological and behavioral functions. Circadian
disruptions either by environmental or molecular perturbation can have profound health …

Adolescence is a time of marked changes across sleep, circadian rhythms, brain function,
and alcohol use. Starting at puberty, adolescents' endogenous circadian rhythms and …

Almost every physiological or behavioral process in mammals follows rhythmic patterns,
which depend mainly on a master circadian clock located in the hypothalamic …

Aims: Circadian clock genes are involved in the development of drug-induced behaviors
and regulate neurotransmission pathways in addiction. Our aim was to study whether …

Diurnal and circadian rhythms are prominent in nearly all bodily functions. Chronic
disruptions in normal sleep wake and social schedules can lead to serious health problems …

The circadian clock system drives daily rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior in
mammals. Molecular mechanisms of this system consist of multiple clock genes, with …