The interferon (IFN) system is an extremely powerful antiviral response that is capable of
controlling most, if not all, virus infections in the absence of adaptive immunity. However …

▪ Abstract The interferon system is the first line of defense against viral infection in mammals.
This system is designed to block the spread of virus infection in the body, sometimes at the …

Viral infection triggers activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and IRF3, which
collaborate to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and elicit innate antiviral response. Here, we …

Innate immunity is the first immunological defence against pathogens. During virus infection
detection of nucleic acids is crucial for the inflammatory response. Here we identify DNA …

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers innate immune responses through Toll-like
receptor (TLR) 4, a member of the TLR family that participates in pathogen recognition. TLRs …

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that causes
significant morbidity and mortality in immuncompromised people. An understanding of how …

Virus infections induce a proinflammatory response including expression of cytokines and
chemokines. The subsequent leukocyte recruitment and antiviral effector functions …

Ubiquitously expressed interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) is directly activated after virus
infection and functions as a key activator of the immediate-early alpha/beta interferon (IFN) …

Interferons are a large family of multifunctional secreted proteins involved in antiviral
defense, cell growth regulation and immune activation. Viral infection induces transcription …

The Ebola virus VP35 protein was previously found to act as an interferon (IFN) antagonist
which could complement growth of influenza delNS1 virus, a mutant influenza virus lacking …