Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of
Gram-negative bacteria to induce production of pro-inflammatory mediators aiming at …

The innate immune system relies on a vast array of non-clonally expressed pattern
recognition receptors for the detection of pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors bind …

Microglia are the brain's tissue macrophages and are found in an activated state
surrounding β-amyloid plaques in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Microglia interact with …

Despite the clinical success of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in the treatment of
lymphoma, there remains considerable uncertainty about its mechanism of action. Here we …

Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by the innate immune system elicits
strong pro-inflammatory responses that can eventually cause a fatal sepsis syndrome in …

Phagocytosis requires receptor-mediated recognition of particles, usually in the guise of
infectious agents and apoptotic cells. Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes to generate …

Despite the rapid and widespread integration of chimeric CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb),
rituximab, into the management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, its efficacy remains variable and …

Endotoxin, also referred to as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can stimulate localized or systemic
inflammation via the activation of pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, endotoxin and …

Simple Summary Chemokines are small soluble proteins that control and regulate cell
trafficking within and between tissues by binding to their receptors. Among them, CXCL12 …

Endogenous gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been implicated as important
cofactors in the pathogenesis of liver injury. However, the molecular mechanisms by which …