Abstract The Proterozoic Eon spans Earth's middle age during which many important
transitions occurred. These transitions include the oxygenation of the atmosphere …

The BIF-hosted iron ore system represents the world's largest and highest grade iron ore
districts and deposits. BIF, the precursor to low-and high-grade BIF hosted iron ore, consists …

Geological evidence indicates that grounded ice sheets reached sea level at all latitudes
during two long-lived Cryogenian (58 and≥ 5 My) glaciations. Combined uranium-lead and …

The Cryogenian Sturtian and Marinoan Snowball Earth glaciations bracket a nonglacial
interval during which Demosponge and green-algal biomarkers first appear. To understand …

INTRODUCTION The primary goal of NASA's Curiosity rover mission is to explore and
quantitatively assess a local region on Mars' surface as a potential habitat for past or present …

Anoxic and iron-rich (ferruginous) conditions prevailed in the ocean under the low-oxygen
atmosphere that occurred through most of the Archean Eon. While euxinic conditions (ie …

Iron is a remarkable element in its relatively high abundance for its mass and its sensitivity to
(and control of) redox on a planetary scale over geologic time. Numerous volumes have …

Oxidation of iron-rich rock is known to generate H2 in oceanic as well as in continental
domains. Here we tested the possibility of H2 generation as the result of weathering of …

Fossilized carotenoid hydrocarbons provide a window into the physiology and biochemistry
of ancient microbial phototrophic communities for which only a sparse and incomplete fossil …

Over the past two decades, advancements in geochronological, sedimentary, and
geochemical studies have considerably deepened our understanding of the links between …