Natural biomolecular systems have evolved to form a rich variety of supramolecular
materials and machinery fundamental to cellular function. The assembly of these structures …

In recent years, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution to the
limitations of current gold standard treatment options for bone related-disorders such as …

Shortcomings related to the treatment of bone diseases and consequent tissue regeneration
such as transplants have been addressed to some extent by tissue engineering and …

Purpose. Guided tissue reconstruction can be performed to restore the supporting structure
of a previously lost tooth, which, in addition to maintaining beauty, preserves the function of …

Sulfation is a dynamic and complex posttranslational modification process. It can occur at
various positions within the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) backbone and modulates …

Bone is a dynamic tissue that can always rebuild itself by modeling and remodeling to
maintain functionality. This tissue is responsible for several vital functions in the body, such …

Amino acids are one of the simplest biomolecules and they play an essential role in many
biological processes. They have been extensively used as building blocks for the synthesis …

The regenerative medicine, a new discipline that merges biological sciences and the
fundamental of engineering to develop biological substitutes, has greatly benefited from …

Growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules that direct cell development by providing
biochemical cues for stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. GFs play a key …

Large injuries to bones are still one of the most challenging musculoskeletal problems.
Tissue engineering can combine stem cells, scaffold biomaterials, and biofactors to aid in …