Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T
helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) …

The spleen is a gatekeeper of systemic immunity where immune responses against blood-
borne pathogens are initiated and sustained. Non-haematopoietic stromal cells construct …

Humoral immune responses depend on B cells encountering antigen, interacting with helper
T cells, proliferating and differentiating into low-affinity plasma cells or, after organizing into a …

The generation of lymphoid microenvironments in early life depends on the interaction of
lymphoid tissue–inducer cells with stromal lymphoid tissue–organizer cells. Whether this …

The mammalian spleen is a peripheral lymphoid organ that plays a central role in host
defense. Consequently, the lack of spleen is often associated with immunodeficiency and …

The precise mechanisms responsible for immunosenescence still remain to be determined,
however, considering the evidence that disruption of the organization of primary and …

Immunofibroblasts have been described within tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) that
regulate lymphocyte aggregation at sites of chronic inflammation. Here we report, for the first …

Secondary lymphoid organ stromal cells comprise different subsets whose origins remain
unknown. Herein, we exploit a genetic lineage-tracing approach to show that splenic …

Immune system is well characterized by immunologists into two major arms called innate
immunity and adaptive immunity. However, recent advances in the field of immunology has …

Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) is a promising therapeutic target in autoimmune and
infectious diseases as well as cancer. Mice with genetic inactivation of LTβR display multiple …