In order to engineer new materials, structures, systems, and processes that address
persistent challenges, engineers seek to tie causes to effects and understand the effects of …

This short paper compiles the main concepts behind some philosophical views, definitions,
and examples of causality. This collection spans the realms of the four commonly adopted …

Causality, the science of cause and effect, has made it possible to create a new family of
models. Such models are often referred to as causal models. Unlike those of mathematical …

Optimising resource efficiency is essential for sustainable product lifecycle management
(PLM). This motivates the use of novel methodologies such as sustainable design, circular …

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the industry has become
increasingly essential with the rise of Industry 4.0. These technologies can revolutionize …

Accurate and reliable wind power forecasting is imperative for wind power stations' stable
and efficient operation. Information such as wind speed and wind direction in the same wind …

Inclusions generated during steelmaking and continuous casting processes could seriously
reduce the mechanical properties of steel products and greatly increase the risk of corrosion …

This paper presents a causal analysis aimed at identifying and estimating causal effects with
regard to bridge failures under extreme events. Observational data on about 299 bridge …

This paper aims to study the causal relationships among several prevailing factors and the
three main dimensions of the consequences of industrial accidents that involve hazardous …

Background/Objectives: Diabetes is a dangerous disease that is accompanied by various
complications, including cardiovascular disease. As the global diabetes population …