Wnt signaling members are involved in the differentiation of cells associated with eyespot
and band color patterns on the wings of butterflies, but the identity and spatio-temporal …

Novel traits in the order Lepidoptera include prolegs in the abdomen of larvae, scales, and
eyespot and band color patterns in the wings of adults. We review recent work that …

Highlights•Butterfly wing patterns are highly diverse and have complex biological functions.•
Diversification of wing patterns can occur at the intra-or inter-specific level.•Both genetic and …

Butterfly wing scales can develop intricate cuticular nanostructures that produce silver
colors, but the underlying genetic and physical basis of such colors is mostly unexplored …

Abstract Two genes, Distal-less (Dll) and spalt (sal), are known to be involved in establishing
nymphalid butterfly wing patterns. They function in several ways: in the differentiation of the …

If the same pigment is found in different tissues in a body, it is natural to assume that the
same metabolic pathways are deployed similarly in each tissue. Here we show that this is …

Previous studies have shown that Optix regulates lower lamina thickness and the type of
pigment that is produced in wing scales of a few butterfly species. However, the role of Optix …

CRISPR is a technique increasingly used in the laboratory for both fundamental and applied
research. We designed and implemented a lab experience for undergraduates to carry out …

Abstract The Xerces Blue (Glaucopsyche xerces) is considered to be the first butterfly to
become extinct in historical times. It was notable for its chalky lavender wings with …

Background: How the precise spatial regulation of genes is correlated with spatial variation
in chromatin accessibilities is not yet clear. Previous studies that analysed chromatin from …