Recent additions to marine environmental legislation are usually designed to fill gaps in
protection and management, build on existing practices or correct deficiencies in previous …

The continuing threat of pollution on coastal and marine environment and resources has
been addressed on regional scale over the past decades. This paper describes and …

This paper provides an overview of the emerging policy landscape for marine spatial
planning in the European Union, which consists of four main categories of policy drivers …

Expectations about ecosystem based management (EBM) differ due to diverging
perspectives about what EBM should be and how it should work. While EBM by its nature …

Because seas and coastlines are shared between states, the formulation and
implementation of marine spatial planning (MSP) should be transboundary by nature. The …

Competing spatial claims and conflicts between maritime economic activities and
biodiversity in Europe's seas continue to challenge governments and non-governmental …

Driven by the global nature of ship**, maritime governance is characterized by a long
history of intergovernmental decision making with the International Maritime Organization …

New EU policy initiatives within the Maritime Strategy Framework Directive, the Integrated
Maritime Policy, the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, the offshore Energy policy and …

Anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment have escalated and shellfish habitats
have declined substantially around the world. Recently, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) …

Marine governance in European seas is at a crossroad aiming towards implementation of
eco-system based marine management (EBMM) through integration of different EU policies …