This systematic review aims to summarize cognitive reserve (CR) evaluation approaches
and to examine the role of seven selected modifiable lifestyle factors (diet, smoking, alcohol …

Traditional approaches to understanding the brain's resilience to neuropathology have
identified neurophysiological variables, often described as brain or cognitive “reserve,” …

For patients surviving serious traumatic brain injury (TBI), families and other stakeholders
often desire information on long-term functional prognosis, but accurate and easy-to-use …

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that educational attainment, a marker of cognitive
reserve, is a predictor of disability-free recovery (DFR) after moderate to severe traumatic …

Primary objective: Having three or more persisting (ie> 3 months) post-concussion
symptoms (PCS) affects a significant number of patients after a mild traumatic brain injury …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative process caused by widespread
senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is faced with an increasingly higher incidence as …

Objective To investigate whether cognitive reserve moderates differences in cognitive
functioning between patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and controls without …

The concept of cognitive reserve describes differences between individuals in the ability to
compensate age-related brain changes or pathology as a result of greater intellectual …

Brain/biological (BR) and cognitive/neural reserve (CR) have increasingly been used to
explain some of the variability that occurs as a consequence of normal ageing and …

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of brain damage, resulting
in long-term disability. The ever increasing life expectancies among TBI patients necessitate …